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Notes on video lecture:
The Wilson-Lenin Moment
Notes taken by Edward Tanguay on September 19, 2018 (go to class or lectures)
Choose from these words to fill the blanks below:
dying, self, nation, socialist, empires, truce, Russian, Communism, protectorates, Clemenceau, France, colonies, political, petty, conflicts, disease, capitulated, French, collapse, idealist, principles, daughter, peace, principles, strokes, Germany, liberal, capitalism, temporary, beneficiaries, respond, Ottoman, intellectuals
in 1918, Woodrow Wilson arrived in to help put together a peace that would put an end to all wars
worried whether the Revolution could spread
the victors discussed this peace in the shadow of and economic troubles
personal tragedy behind the scenes
Woodrow Wilson's Margaret had gotten the influenza
came close to in a hospital in Brussels
influenza was affecting Wilson's aid, and also French Prime Minister George , British Prime Minister Lloyd George
the world leaders were groping for new
Wilson
was a scientist at Princeton
governor of New Jersey
the role are playing in thinking about public policy
these principles were presented in fourteen points
had a fear that as old regimes would , radical new regimes would emerge
after 1917
a concern for the contagion of Communism
Lenin promised an end to war by creating a new utopia, for all oppressed people
there could be no peace without everyone being of the new order
in October of 1917 the old Russian regime
but there was a kind of civil war behind the lines
Bolcheviks called for the support from different nationalities in what used to be the Russian Empire
Lenin argued that was the source of the problem for minorities
Lenin's communism was attractive to
the rest of the world had to to this
Wilsom saw in Lenin someone who had to be responded to
14 points
1918
what would be the new principles of
particularly in Russia and
we had to prevent Bolshevism from spreading
the contagion of
open trade
open agreement
self determination
democracy
liberal democracies that can trade with each other won't fight
Woodrow Wilson's liberal utopia
the Leninist and Wilsonian models posed a challenge to the Old World of the 19th century
how to reconcile a world of former
1919: the end of empires all broken up into different -states
Empire
Russian Empire
German Empire
Austria-Hungarian Empire
former colonies would enjoy sovereignty
but how to govern these
many were not ready for -government
became of the winning side
Wilson was an optimist and
but he had blind spots
disappointed in his own allies inability to share in his
British and French quarreling
insistence that Germany pay a heavy penalty
Wilson saw this as
faced with national interests
Wilson had a series of toward the end of his presidency
downplayed it
the 30 years of world war
1914-1918 was the first phase
the Treaty of Versailles was a , not a peace
it only put a end to the conflicts of Europe itself
planted seeds of future
1919-1944 second phase
Ideas and Concepts:
Via this morning's History Since 1300 class:
"A reminder of the days when America was tough and ethical enough to bully other countries with right principles, a review of Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points which he regarded as the basis of an enduring world peace after World War I:
"1. Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at, after which there shall be no p rivate international understandings of any kind but diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and in the public view.
2. Absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas, outside territorial waters, alike in peace and in war, except as the seas may be closed in whole or in part by international action for the enforcement of international covenants.
3. The removal, so far as possible, of all economic barriers and the establishment of an equality of trade conditions among all the nations consenting to the peace and associating themselves for its maintenance.
4. Adequate guarantees given and taken that national armaments will be reduced to the lowest point consistent with domestic safety.
5. A free, open-minded, and absolutely impartial adjustment of all colonial claims, based upon a strict observance of the principle that in determining all such questions of sovereignty the interests of the populations concerned must have equal weight with the equitable government whose title is to be determined.
6. The evacuation of all Russian territory and such a settlement of all questions affecting Russia as will secure the best and freest cooperation of the other nations of the world in obtaining for her an unhampered and unembarrassed opportunity for the independent determination of her own political development and national policy and assure her of a sincere welcome into the society of free nations under institutions of her own choosing; and, more than a welcome, assistance also of every kind that she may need and may herself desire. The treatment accorded Russia by her sister nations in the months to come will be the acid test of their good will, of their comprehension of her needs as distinguished from their own interests, and of their intelligent and unselfish sympathy.
7. Belgium, the whole world will agree, must be evacuated and restored, without any attempt to limit the sovereignty which she enjoys in common with all other free nations. No other single act will serve as this will serve to restore confidence among the nations in the laws which they have themselves set and determined for the government of their relations with one another. Without this healing act the whole structure and validity of international law is forever impaired.
8. All French territory should be freed and the invaded portions restored, and the wrong done to France by Prussia in 1871 in the matter of Alsace-Lorraine, which has unsettled the peace of the world for nearly fifty years, should be righted, in order that peace may once more be made secure in the interest of all.
9. A readjustment of the frontiers of Italy should be effected along clearly recognizable lines of nationality.
10. The people of Austria-Hungary, whose place among the nations we wish to see safeguarded and assured, should be accorded the freest opportunity to autonomous development.
11. Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated; occupied territories restored; Serbia accorded free and secure access to the sea; and the relations of the several Balkan states to one another determined by friendly counsel along historically established lines of allegiance and nationality; and international guarantees of the political and economic independence and territorial integrity of the several Balkan states should be entered into.
12. The Turkish portion of the present Ottoman Empire should be assured a secure sovereignty, but the other nationalities which are now under Turkish rule should be assured an undoubted security of life and an absolutely unmolested opportunity of autonomous development, and the Dardanelles should be permanently opened as a free passage to the ships and commerce of all nations under international guarantees.
13. An independent Polish state should be erected which should include the territories inhabited by indisputably Polish populations, which should be assured a free and secure access to the sea, and whose political and economic independence and territorial integrity should be guaranteed by international covenant.
14. A general association of nations must be formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike."
"A reminder of the days when America was tough and ethical enough to bully other countries with right principles, a review of Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points which he regarded as the basis of an enduring world peace after World War I:
"1. Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at, after which there shall be no p rivate international understandings of any kind but diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and in the public view.
2. Absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas, outside territorial waters, alike in peace and in war, except as the seas may be closed in whole or in part by international action for the enforcement of international covenants.
3. The removal, so far as possible, of all economic barriers and the establishment of an equality of trade conditions among all the nations consenting to the peace and associating themselves for its maintenance.
4. Adequate guarantees given and taken that national armaments will be reduced to the lowest point consistent with domestic safety.
5. A free, open-minded, and absolutely impartial adjustment of all colonial claims, based upon a strict observance of the principle that in determining all such questions of sovereignty the interests of the populations concerned must have equal weight with the equitable government whose title is to be determined.
6. The evacuation of all Russian territory and such a settlement of all questions affecting Russia as will secure the best and freest cooperation of the other nations of the world in obtaining for her an unhampered and unembarrassed opportunity for the independent determination of her own political development and national policy and assure her of a sincere welcome into the society of free nations under institutions of her own choosing; and, more than a welcome, assistance also of every kind that she may need and may herself desire. The treatment accorded Russia by her sister nations in the months to come will be the acid test of their good will, of their comprehension of her needs as distinguished from their own interests, and of their intelligent and unselfish sympathy.
7. Belgium, the whole world will agree, must be evacuated and restored, without any attempt to limit the sovereignty which she enjoys in common with all other free nations. No other single act will serve as this will serve to restore confidence among the nations in the laws which they have themselves set and determined for the government of their relations with one another. Without this healing act the whole structure and validity of international law is forever impaired.
8. All French territory should be freed and the invaded portions restored, and the wrong done to France by Prussia in 1871 in the matter of Alsace-Lorraine, which has unsettled the peace of the world for nearly fifty years, should be righted, in order that peace may once more be made secure in the interest of all.
9. A readjustment of the frontiers of Italy should be effected along clearly recognizable lines of nationality.
10. The people of Austria-Hungary, whose place among the nations we wish to see safeguarded and assured, should be accorded the freest opportunity to autonomous development.
11. Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated; occupied territories restored; Serbia accorded free and secure access to the sea; and the relations of the several Balkan states to one another determined by friendly counsel along historically established lines of allegiance and nationality; and international guarantees of the political and economic independence and territorial integrity of the several Balkan states should be entered into.
12. The Turkish portion of the present Ottoman Empire should be assured a secure sovereignty, but the other nationalities which are now under Turkish rule should be assured an undoubted security of life and an absolutely unmolested opportunity of autonomous development, and the Dardanelles should be permanently opened as a free passage to the ships and commerce of all nations under international guarantees.
13. An independent Polish state should be erected which should include the territories inhabited by indisputably Polish populations, which should be assured a free and secure access to the sea, and whose political and economic independence and territorial integrity should be guaranteed by international covenant.
14. A general association of nations must be formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike."