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Notes on video lecture:
Enlightenment or Empire
Notes taken by Edward Tanguay on February 3, 2015 (go to class or lectures)


Choose from these words to fill the blanks below:
casta, reform, oppressions, threat, incompatible, Quebec, Casas, death, universal, British, Europe, Enlightenment, Rousseau, Wolfe, society, chains, nameless, verities, peoples, racial, history, Marx, abolitionist, inferior, empire, natural, human, Word, barbarians, miseries, colonial, faith, science, inferiority, good, Québec, 18th, Algonquin, English, Christian, science, Africans, skeptical, Cook, destruction
Mary Wollstonecraft
questioning the aim of
giving voice to an important key to the
that one had to now be of the world
skeptical about claims and subject them to rational, scientific inquiry
a man of reason had to query all , to prove them to be true, not simply to assume them to be true
some began to query whether the was good for the Enlightenment at all
empire helped produce
empire was the "backdrop of the Enlightenment"
the Enlightenment could contribute to the renovation, reinvention, or of the empire
some began to realize if empire was not, in some fundamental way, a to the Enlightenment itself
that there was a fundamental choice to make
we often think that resistances to imperial enlightenment came from the peoples
Hawaiian islanders who captured Captain
but within Europe, many people were getting the sense that Enlightenment ideas were to the practices of the empire
as empire spread the Enlightenment, it was also sowing the seeds of its own
as Europeans ventured out in the world, their conquering and colonizing habits betrayed their own in reason and science
the discourse of the Enlightenment could be used again empires themselves
how to believe in universal reason while at the same time ruling people who you do not feel capable of living in
you find many thoughts and theories about differences between men
argued that they were "uplifting the native"
"bringing peoples into civil society"
even if they didn't want to
it was believed that it was for their own
led to
flourishing taxonomies
gradations of
e.g. from paintings, one could deduce that some mixtures of races were "closer to being able to reason" than others
a kind of "classification mania of peoples in the century"
the "noble savage"
a character that would loom very large in the social sciences
De Las argued that the noble savage could not be enslaved but had not heard God's word yet
therefore they could not be oppressed
his view was a new way of seeing people who lived in " societies"
they "lived in a world which God created but had not yet been subjected to God's "
"natural man" as opposed to "modern man"
book: "The Social Contract"
books create theories and stories and models of the world for other people to consume and think about
this book was a blast, a critique against the of civil society and property
"men are born free but in civil society everywhere we are in "
there was something restraining about civil society that natural man was not subject to
the natural liberties of the state of nature vs. the of civil society
"that first theorist who felt that modernity was an oppressive experience"
has a long biography itself which will wind itself to anti-colonial discourses in the 19th and 20th centuries
led to theories by Karl , whose theory of alienation would profoundly shape global history
however, there are reasons to resist this straight-line progression from to Marx to modern revolutions in the 19th and 20th centuries
was reading reports like those of Captain Cook
not only reporting on natural man, but actually bringing them back in person to be studied, e.g. the Huron and people
being held up as exemplars of natural man in contrast to civilized, social man of with an echo of concern and anxiety that there was something pure and good about the savage that the European man had given up by his membership in civil society
increasing terms of corruptions of natural man in make that passage to modern society
painting: "Noble Savage"
by Benjamin West
a Iroquois
caused an immediate sensation
was part of a larger work
the death of General
died at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham
on the outskirts of City
English had just defeated the French armies
a pivotal moment in the Seven Years' War and in the history of Canada. A invasion force led by General James Wolfe defeated French troops under the Marquis de Montcalm, leading to the surrender of to the British
we see Nobel Savage in diminished pose
looking peacefully upon the of the British commander
almost a bystander to the epic of empire and European sacrifice
made people ask the question: who is more in this portrait?
colonization is turning men like Wolfe into the very that they seek to submit
having to practice forms of suppression that they themselves denounce
others were worried that empire was bringing corruption home
book: "Histoire Philosophique et Politique"
examined commerce, religion, slavery, and other popular subjects, all with a perspective from the French Enlightenment
a kind of of the world, one might say one of the first global histories ever written
in the end, nowhere does this notion that the Enlightenment was revealing the intrinsic incompatibility of empire with science and civilization than in the treatment of Africans
the enslavement of millions of was, many Enlightenment men believed, fundamentally a threat, a menace, a danger to the Enlightenment itself.
enslavement threatened to undermine the enslavers themselves
out of this view that there was something fundamentally incompatible between the enslavement of some of God's creatures that we see the birth of the movement
Olaudah Equiano (1745-1797)
"The Life of Olaudah Equiano"
one of the great books circulating around the speaking world
enslaved and sold and shipped to the Americas
released by his owner
a blast against the slave trade as fundamentally at odds against the precepts of Enlightenment thought
commerce and trading was fine, but not commerce and trading in
Vocabulary:
argot, n. [AR-go] a characteristic language of a particular group, as among thieves ⇒ "It was argued that they were "uplifting the native" and "bringing inferior peoples into civil society" even if they didn't want to as it was for their own good, this was the political argot of the time." |
People:
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######################### (1484-1566) A Spanish historian, social reformer and Dominican friar who wrote "A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies", a chronicle of the first decades of colonization of the West Indies which focused particularly on the atrocities committed by the colonizers against the indigenous peoples
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######################### (1713-1796) French writer and iconoclastic Jesuit who in 1770 wrote the popular and controversial "L'Histoire des deux Indes", which examined commerce, religion, slavery, and other popular subjects from the perspective of the French Enlightenment
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######################### (1745-1797) A prominent African in London, freed slave who supported the British movement to end the slave trade
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Spelling Corrections:
resistences ⇒ resistances
empirial ⇒ imperial
Hawaian ⇒ Hawaiian
suppresion ⇒ suppression
Ideas and Concepts:
Via tonight's History of the World Since 1300 class, how did I miss this painting at the Philadelphia Museum of Art back in the day: "Ben Franklin Drawing Electricity from the Sky", 1816 by Benjamin West, with cherubs! Brilliant!"

Via tonight's History of the World Since 1300 class: "In the end, nowhere does this notion that the Enlightenment was revealing the intrinsic incompatibility of empire with science, civilization, and the rights of man than in the treatment of Africans. The enslavement of millions of Africans was, many Enlightenment men believed, fundamentally a threat, a menace, a danger to the Enlightenment itself. Enslavement threatened to undermine the enslavers themselves."
