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Notes on video lecture:
The Closing of the American Frontier
Notes taken by Edward Tanguay on July 7, 2016 (go to class or lectures)
Choose from these words to fill the blanks below:
capitalism, Araucanía, 300, mercantile, unemployment, portentous, Desert, uncorked, industrialization, repression, international, crisis, Mapuche, Argentines, international, communism, empire, silver, Britain, unionization, Bahia, Roca, peripheries, Turner, outwards, 19th, Lakota, tension, turmoil, 1873, shrinking, closed
•
by the 1890's, this second process of                                    showed resistance
•
with great expansion came great turmoil
•
a coexistence of dynamism with             
•
the 1890s was a decade that fused together expansion with               
•
from people deployed on factory lines
•
the assembly line was probably not something Karl Marx could have imagined
•
it was not something he forecasted for                     
•
he thought the working class would be a new kind of working class which overthrows capitalism and creates                   
•
it's true that factory workers pooled themselves together in                            groups
•
1880s the process of                         
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tried to negotiate better terms of employment with employers and magnates at the top
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demanded the rights to organize at all, to become a trade union itself
•
a source of a great deal of                between employers and employees
•
the struggle over what would become collective bargaining began
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strikes swept across the world
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as industrialization fans out, so does the pattern of resistance
•
an example in which the world was                   
•
not just resistance in the core of industrialization, but also in the                        of the system
•
globalization was reaching its apex of reach
•
Battle of Wounded Knee, 1890
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between U.S. military troops and              Sioux Indians at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
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resulted in the deaths of        Sioux men, women, and children
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the last major resistance against the expansion of the United States in the late          century
•
in other areas of the world
•
Chile:                uprising of 1881
•
major rebellion of the indigenous Mapuches of Araucanía
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took place during the last phase of the Occupation of                                  (1861–1883) by the Chilean state
•
Argentina: the Conquest of the              (1870s)
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a military campaign directed mainly by General Julio Argentino          in the 1870s with the intent to establish Argentine dominance over Patagonia
•
Roca after the campaign would go on to become the president of the Argentine Republic
•
Brazil: Suppression of Canudos (1896-7)
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a conflict between the state of Brazil and a group of some 30,000 settlers
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had founded their own community in the Northeastern state of           , named Canudos
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after a number of unsuccessful attempts at military suppression, it came to a brutal end in October 1897
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a large Brazilian army force overran the village and killed nearly all the inhabitants
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villagers did not want to be incorporated into the                            system
•
the 1890s was a decade that say violent                      in many parts of the world
•
in order to finalize the process of the incorporation of the peripheries
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villages were used to their subsistence, communally oriented livelihoods
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while the vocabulary of freedom was important for explaining the new logic in comparison to the                      age
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yet freedom coexisted with coercion
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there was a sense that the pattern of expansion could not last
•
The Panic of         
•
financial crisis that triggered a depression in Europe and North America that lasted from 1873 until 1879
•
longer in some countries
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in                it started two decades of stagnation known as the "Long Depression" that weakened the country's economic leadership
•
The Panic of 1896
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an acute economic depression in the United States that was less serious than other panics of the era
•
precipitated by a drop in              reserves and market concerns on the effects it would have on the gold standard
•
mass                         
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factories shut down while the world dealt with this
•
the back-lands was getting used up
•
Frederick Jackson             
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went to Chicago to celebrate the 400th Christopher Columbus anniversary
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the World Fair
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gave a speech 1893
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"the American Frontier is now             "
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pointed to census data that there was suddenly no more land to be had, which was not technically correct but was                     
•
ask the question: where were the next frontiers going to come from, where was the new expansive power of the capitalist system going to come from
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the United States was exceptional because it had a frontier
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we were becoming an old world society
•
essay: "The Significance of the Frontier in American History"
•
The Frontier Thesis
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the moving western frontier shaped American democracy and the American character from the colonial era until 1890
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there was a need for new lands and new resources
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a fear of competition between rising powers
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this motivates a scramble                 
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the Europeans and the Canadians, Americans, and                     
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responded to this paradoxical combination of having plenty and having anxiety
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pushed out into the rest of the world
•
a new round of imperial expansion
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not unlike the one                  in the 16th century
•
in this way, the second industrial revolution spurred another spasm of             

Vocabulary:

redoubt, n. small, often temporary defensive fortification ⇒ "Especially in the areas of the world where old villagers were used to their subsistant, communally oriented livelihoods, these are the last redoubts of that system."
porphyry, n. a hard igneous rock containing crystals of feldspar in a fine-grained groundmass ⇒ ""Towards the Andes, the shingle gives place to porphyry, granite, and basalt lavas, animal life becomes more abundant and vegetation more luxuriant.""
brackish, adj. (of water) slightly salty, as in river estuaries. ⇒ ""In the hollows of the plains are ponds or lakes of fresh and brackish water.""

Spelling Corrections:

unbelieveably ⇒ unbelievably
resistence ⇒ resistance

Ideas and Concepts:

Unbelievably beautiful part of the world discovered during this morning's World History Since 1300 class:

"Patagonia is a sparsely populated region located at the southern end of South America, shared by Argentina and Chile. The region comprises the southern section of the Andes mountains as well as the deserts, steppes and grasslands east of this southern portion of the Andes. Patagonia has two coasts:a western one towards the Pacific Ocean and an eastern one towards the Atlantic Ocean.

Argentine Patagonia is for the most part a region of steppe-like plains, rising in a succession of 13 abrupt terraces about 100 meters at a time, and covered with an enormous bed of shingle almost bare of vegetation. In the hollows of the plains are ponds or lakes of fresh and brackish water. Towards the Andes, the shingle gives place to porphyry, granite, and basalt lavas, animal life becomes more abundant and vegetation more luxuriant. It is characteristic of the flora of the western coast, and consist principally of southern beech and conifers. The high rainfall against the western Andes and the low sea surface temperatures offshore give rise to cold and humid air masses, contributing to the ice-fields and glaciers, the largest ice-fields in the Southern hemisphere outside of Antarctica."
Columbus and the New World
1500-1700 Indian Ocean Trading system
Da Gama, Pepper and World History
Portuguese Indian Ocean Empire
16th Century Colonialism Fueling European Violence
Global Food: European Sugar, Caribbean Plantations, African Slaves
16th and 17th Century Merchant Trading Companies
17th Century Interdependence of Trade and Investment
Francis Drake and Mercantilist Wars
The Apex and Erosion of the Mughal Empire
The Treaty of Westphalia as the Hinge of Modern History
The Influence of Silver on the Ming Dynasty
Political Reverberations of Ming Consolidation
18th China Resurgent as Qing Dynasty
18th Century Tea Trade, Leisure Time, and the Spread of Knowledge
Cook and Clive: Discoverers, Collectors and Conquerors of the Enlightenment
Strains on the Universality of the Enlightenment
The Enlightenment, Empire, and Colonization: Burke vs. Hastings
Enlightenment or Empire
18th Century Land Grabbing
The Industrial Revolution and the Transition of Non-Renewable Energy
The Seven Years' War and Colonial Revolutions
Napoleon, Spain, the Colonies, and Imperial Crises
Human Rights and the Meaning of Membership within Societies
Napoleon, New Nations, and Total War
The Ottoman Empire's 19th Century Tanzimat Reform
The Early 19th Century Market Revolution
The Global Upheavals of the Mid-19th Century
The Train, the Rifle, and the Industrial Revolution
Transition in India: Last of the Mughals
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 and Its Ramifications
Darwin's Effect on 19th Century Ideas
Factors Which Led to the Solidifying of Nation States
1868 Japan: The Meiji Restoration
1871: Germany Becomes a Nation
North American Nation-Building
19th Century Changing Concepts of Labor
The Benefits of Comparative Advantage
Migration after the Age of Revolutions
Creating 19th Century Global Free Trade
The Expanding 19th Century Capitalist System
The Second Industrial Revolution
The Closing of the American Frontier
Africa's Second Imperial Wave
Early 20th Century American Imperialism
1894-1905: Japan's Imperial Wave in Asia
Rashid Rida and 19th Century Islamic Modernization
19th Century Pan-Islam and Zionism Movements
19th Century Global Export-Led Growth
Indian Wars and Mass Slaughter of Bison
The Suez Canal's Effect on the Malayan Tiger
1890-1914: Savage Wars of Peace
1900-1909: Russian and Turkish Dynasties
1899-1911 The End of the Qing Dynasty
The 1910 Mexican Revolution
The Panic of 1907
Turn-of-the-Century Civilization and its Discontents
20th Century Questioning of Reason
Late 19th Century Anxieties of Race
The First World War
The End of WWI and the Attempt at Global Peace
The Influenza Pandemic of 1918-1919
The Wilson-Lenin Moment
1919 Self-Determination Movements in India
Post-WWI European Peace and Global Colonial Upheaval
1929 Economic Collapse
Changes in Capitalism between the Wars
1918-1945 Rethinking Economies