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Notes on video lecture:
The Early 19th Century Market Revolution
Notes taken by Edward Tanguay on July 18, 2015 (go to class or lectures)
Choose from these words to fill the blanks below:
Xiuquan, free, state, silver, outside, India, steam, penetrate, Protestant, conquered, 1842, prices, Eurasia, Nanging, Pasha, finance, Manchu, metals, agrarian, aphrodisiac, dead, erosion, Pyrrhic, Opium, Confucian, Chinese, Mughal, Smith, illegitimate, Canton, hobbled, trade, lucrative, heathens, Ottoman, Christian, brother, messianic, civil, humiliation, Nanging, order
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market revolution
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merchants didn't need anymore            sanctions to enjoy their privileges
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there emerged a new ideology of          trade
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Ali            (1769-1849) made deal with the British to get access to markets
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drew inspiration from Adam           
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coupled with a transformation in               
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new financial actors: merchant bankers
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old agrarian aristocracies of China, India and the                Empire were now being challenged by these new kinds of relationships
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being threatened less by formal empires and more by merchant            practices
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penetration of market forces into ancient, aristocratic societies shook the balance of the                system
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China
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had never undergone a conquest in the way that the Americas had been                   
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instead, a slow process of                of the sovereignty of the Qing Empire
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partly from forces from within
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like the Ottoman and              Empire (1526-1857)
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spreading unrest as food became scarcer and more expensive
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new pressures from                China
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reversing of trade balance between Europe and China
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Europe used to have to bring precious             
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by 1828,              began to flow out of China
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commodities from Europe began to flow into China
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cotton textiles and metal wares
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put pressures on              in China
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ports like              were thriving with business
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after 1807, English and American                      missionaries would begin penetrating into China
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with a dream of converting 150 million                 
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opium trade
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narcotics have always been a very                    business
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opium offered a great high and was allegedly an                       
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a product that Chinese seemed to want from European merchants
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in particular from the East            Company
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brought opium from India
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Chinese government tried to shut down the opium dens
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tried to control the traffic
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concerned about spreading addiction
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by         , 40,000 chests of opium were being shipped per year to China markets
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government was very weak in trying to do this
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foreign powers were unwilling to collaborate with the                since they were making money on this trade
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arrival of British            ships
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defend the dens
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bombardment of Chinese ports in Canton
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Chinese used clubs and spears to defend themselves against British artillery
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1842 Treaty of               
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humiliating treaty
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marked the end of the First            War (1839-1842)
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enormous indemnities to the victors
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creation of treaty ports
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laws for foreigners to enjoy their own laws when in China
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the triumph of free trade
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further                the Chinese state
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1840s Chinese response
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try to protect against this
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but there was already a decline and dire circumstances for the state
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                       of the state
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spread of the consumption of illegal products like opium
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no apparent ability to control it
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people began to search out for a new moral           
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a new compass
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a new way of governing China
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this kind of decline attracted                    and millenarian movements
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Hong Xiuquan
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influenced by                    missionaries
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1837 had a dream
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saw himself as Jesus'               
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failed the civil service examinations
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so founded the Society of God Worshipers
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led uprising against the Chinese state
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movement spread
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Taiping Rebellion
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Hong                (1814–1864)
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claimed to be brother of Jesus
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preached with many Biblical allusions
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emerged as a national threat to the Qing authority
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1853
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army of 700,000 took               
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target was the              who were governing China
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also                    and Buddhist leaders believed that people the Taiping Rebellion would pull people away
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ultimate it was foreigner who were most alarmed, fearing chaos in this marketplace
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rushed troops and weapons to China to put down this rebellion
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took 15 years to put it down
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the worst            war in history
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20-30 million people left         
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left Qing state even more crippled and                          than when it started out
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Qing government more indebted to foreigners than it was before
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the Qing's victory over the Taiping Rebellion was a                victory
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they were forced to allow foreigners to                    markets with even more preferential terms than ever
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so we can ask ourselves how free trade, this revolution in concepts of freedom, crept into, insinuated itself into an old,                  dynasty that was never conquered by the West but was slowly crippled by these new practices and doctrines, hollowed out from within to serve a new kind of commercial purpose

Spelling Corrections:

priveleges ⇒ privileges
illigitimate ⇒ illegitimate

Ideas and Concepts:

The political use of the Jesus Christ meme apparently not confined to America, via this morning's History Since 1300 class: "Hong Xiuquan (1814–1864) was a Hakka Chinese man who led the Taiping Rebellion against the Qing Dynasty, establishing the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom over varying portions of southern China, with himself as the Heavenly King and self-proclaimed brother of Jesus Christ. At the age of 22, in 1836, Hong decided to take the provincial examinations in the city of Guangzhou (Canton) where he happened to hear an Evangelical Christian missionary preaching. In 1837 after failing his imperial examinations, he suffered a nervous collapse and had a number of vivid and terrifying dreams, which he interpreted as mystical visions based on the preaching he had heard. Hong began burning all Confucian and Buddhist statues and books in his house, and set out preaching to his community about his visions. By 1850 Hong had between 10,000 to 30,000 followers and from 1850 to 1864 led the Taiping Rebellion against the Qing Dynasty. Following a failed attempt by the Taiping rebels to take Shanghai in 1860, Qing government forces, aided by Western officers, slowly gained ground. It is thought that in 1864 after Qing authorities finally gained a decisive military advantage and all hope of maintaining his kingdom was lost, Hong committed suicide by taking poison."
European Conquest 2.0 via this morning's History Since 1300 class: "The Taiping Rebellion took the Qinq dynasty 15 years to put down, which resulted in more than 20 million deaths, certainly the worst civil war in history. And the Qing would not have been able to quell this rebellion had it not been for the aid of European powers who were equally as alarmed by the uprising, fearing chaos in this Asian marketplace. But the Qing's victory over the Taiping Rebellion was a Pyrrhic victory:it left the Qing state even more crippled and illegitimate than when it started out, and the government was then forced to allow foreigners to penetrate markets with even more preferential terms than before. So we can ask ourselves how free trade, this revolution in concepts of freedom, crept into, insinuated itself into an old, agrarian dynasty that was never conquered by the West per se, but was slowly crippled by these new practices and doctrines, hollowed out from within to serve a new kind of commercial purpose."
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Global Food: European Sugar, Caribbean Plantations, African Slaves
16th and 17th Century Merchant Trading Companies
17th Century Interdependence of Trade and Investment
Francis Drake and Mercantilist Wars
The Apex and Erosion of the Mughal Empire
The Treaty of Westphalia as the Hinge of Modern History
The Influence of Silver on the Ming Dynasty
Political Reverberations of Ming Consolidation
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18th Century Land Grabbing
The Industrial Revolution and the Transition of Non-Renewable Energy
The Seven Years' War and Colonial Revolutions
Napoleon, Spain, the Colonies, and Imperial Crises
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Napoleon, New Nations, and Total War
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The Early 19th Century Market Revolution
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The Train, the Rifle, and the Industrial Revolution
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The Indian Rebellion of 1857 and Its Ramifications
Darwin's Effect on 19th Century Ideas
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1871: Germany Becomes a Nation
North American Nation-Building
19th Century Changing Concepts of Labor
The Benefits of Comparative Advantage
Migration after the Age of Revolutions
Creating 19th Century Global Free Trade
The Expanding 19th Century Capitalist System
The Second Industrial Revolution
The Closing of the American Frontier
Africa's Second Imperial Wave
Early 20th Century American Imperialism
1894-1905: Japan's Imperial Wave in Asia
Rashid Rida and 19th Century Islamic Modernization
19th Century Pan-Islam and Zionism Movements
19th Century Global Export-Led Growth
Indian Wars and Mass Slaughter of Bison
The Suez Canal's Effect on the Malayan Tiger
1890-1914: Savage Wars of Peace
1900-1909: Russian and Turkish Dynasties
1899-1911 The End of the Qing Dynasty
The 1910 Mexican Revolution
The Panic of 1907
Turn-of-the-Century Civilization and its Discontents
20th Century Questioning of Reason
Late 19th Century Anxieties of Race
The First World War
The End of WWI and the Attempt at Global Peace
The Influenza Pandemic of 1918-1919
The Wilson-Lenin Moment
1919 Self-Determination Movements in India
Post-WWI European Peace and Global Colonial Upheaval
1929 Economic Collapse
Changes in Capitalism between the Wars