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Notes on video lecture:
Yang Zhu and Mid-Warring States' Focus on the Body
Choose from these words to fill the blanks below:
save, dynamic, religious, Que, killed, society, writings, gift, philosophical, Zhuangzi, static, xin, egoism, order, zhen, harm, 360, xing, intellectuals, health, disengage, heaven, debating, chi, Daoist, critical, nature, good, Moists, organs, body, hut, society
the physiological turn
Yang Chu (440–       BCE) [yahng JEW]
the discovery of the         
the body becomes a                            topic
we don't know much about him
we've lost his                 
rivals referred to his teachings as             
the teaching of being for yourself only
an individualist primativist
not happy with               
wants to drop out of society
all about individual survival
no big plan
         [shing] "human nature"
related etymologically to life
only living things have xing
it's               
the natural tendencies of some living thing
tendencies it has over the course of its life
not a              quality
contains what it's prone to develop into over time
it's prone to harm
it's fragile
needs to be protected
it needs to be nourished
he's concerned about humans
the central part of his philosophy
the vessel that holds our xing is the physical body
keep nature intact, keep it whole, nourish it, and don't          it
we have been given this from             
stay physically healthy
exercises
eating well
don't get             , e.g. in Warring States wars
if you are engaged in politics, you putting your body at risk
so                    from society
he is opposed to the idea that we are going to be engaged in saving the world in any way
being a busy body and getting involved with other people is a sure way to get your head chopped off or be harmed in some way
you really want to be just looking out for yourself
we don't have the Yangzi anymore
but we do have bits of his teaching embedded in other texts
some of the chapters of the                  have been picked out as Yang Zhu chapters
they express more the views of the Yang Zhu school
but all the chapters are vaguely             , about dropping out of society and not buying into Confucius values
The Zhuangzi Yang Zhu chapters
Yellow Emperor ruling all of Heaven, a          ruler
Wants to be a good Laozian ruler, get in touch with the Dao
wants to bring people in harmony with              and each other
but Master Kkuang Ch'eng comes and says: the more you try to rule things, the more you bring them out of           
so emperor gives up his throne, goes to live in a       , then comes back and asks, "I venture to ask about the governing of the body. What should I do in order to live a long life?"
and the Master is now pleased
this is clearly a Yang Zhuian master
then the master teaches him secrets of preserving the body and bodily             
"Keep your nature intact, protect your genuineness (        , your real essence and nature uncorrupted by society, all the bad things we learn from the Confucians), and don't involve your body in trouble for the sake of external things."
this can sound like selfishness, just look out for yourself
but there is a deeper                    idea here
your body and nature has been given to you as a         , and it's your religious duty for you to protect it
when you harm your body or harm your genuineness, you are going against heaven's will
the Confucian's are wrong, heaven's will has nothing to do with politics or               
what heaven wills for us is the same thing that heaven wills for the fish swimming in the lakes, i.e. they don't have to worry about other fish, it's just every fish for themselves
people who are concerned with society are                  of him
the              see him as a horrible egoist
religion, biology and the individual
focusing philosophical attention on the physical, biological body in a way that hadn't been done before in Warring States thought
physical health
the flow of your       
how the              are working
the individual
this was the first time in Warring States that we had a philosopher saying that the individual is important in and of themselves
they don't need to          the world
they don't need to be anything particular in society
this focus on the physical body became a way people talked in the Warring States period
terms like human nature become common
the physiological-turn texts
terms for body
terms for organs
talking about the chi in a physiological, technical sense
chi
vital energy
vital essence
pervades the universe and animates living things
why the physiological turn happened
the results of philosophers mixing with other specialists
rulers would set up think tanks
invite                            of various kinds
be resident and debate about what the best way to rule is
the ruler got ideas from them
so scholars of various schools start meeting and                 
also why people started to be concerned about the rules for formal debate during this time
early medical specialists
Bian        (died 310 BCE)
macrobodic hygiene
breath control
diet
physical exercise
precursors to Tai chi
fortune tellers
astrologers
demonologists
if you have some kind of sickness, what demon is responsible for it and what you have to do to get the demon off your back
all this had an impact on philosophers
a new model for the body and self
       [sheen], connection between heart and mind
which organ we should pay attention to
The Definition of Religion
Mind/Body Dualism and Cognitive Control
Deontology, Utilitarianism, and Virtue Ethics
Wu-Wei, Dao, Tien and De
The Shang Dynasty (1554-1045 BC)
The Beginnings of Written Chinese History
Eastern Holistic Thinking and the Paradox of Virtue
The Golden Age of the Western Zhou (1046–771 BCE)
Philosophical and Conceptual Innovations in Zhou Thought
Confucius and the Analects
Confucius: I Transmit, I Do Not Innovate
Confucius' Use of Ritual as a Tool
Confucius' View on Learning vs. The Enlightenment
Confucius and Holistic Education
Confucius and the Art of Self-Cultivation
At Home in Virtue
Non-Coercive Comportment, Virtue, and Charisma of the Zhou
The Transition to Becoming Sincere
The Primitivists in the Analects
Laozi and the Daodejing
Laozi: Stop the Journey and Return Home
Laozi and The Desires of the Eye
Laozi: He Who Speaks Does Not Know
The Concept of Reversion
Laozi on Shutting Down the Prefrontal Cortex
The Guodian Laozi
Mozi and Materialist State Consequentialism
Mozi's Idea of Ideological Unity
Mozi's Doctrine of Impartial Caring
Mozi's Anti-Confucian Chapters
Mozi's Religious Fundamentalism and Organized Activism
The Language Crisis in the Warring States Period
Yang Zhu and Mid-Warring States' Focus on the Body
The Guodian School of Confucianism
Qi and Self-Cultivation