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Notes on video lecture:
The First Persian War and the Battle of Marathon
Notes taken by Edward Tanguay on May 1, 2015 (go to class or lectures)


Choose from these words to fill the blanks below:
Peisistratos, destroy, Hippias, Bahiston, Cleomenes, crushed, troops, Hoplite, dreams, Cleisthenes, outdo, conquests, vassal, 6000, odds, Athens, Ionian, Herodotus, bureaucracy, over, taxes, panic, Miletus, financial, mother, long, angry, Persia, Attica, corslet, Pheidippides, Thebes, Achaemenid, ambassadors, psychoanalytic, Magi, treasure, India, Zoroastrianism, Lydia, Chalcis
Cyrus II of [SIGH-rus] (576–530 BC)
conquered Croesus [KREE-sus] and took over
530 BC killed in battle
{MAY-jigh] took over for a short time
6th century BC followers of
Darius I [dah-RIGH-us] 550-486 BC
ruled for time: 522-486 BC
modern day Iran
inscription [bah-HIS-ston]
"the place of god"
shows the King Darius
text details his
presided over a massive empire
From the Thracian coast to western part of
well-developed
enormous among of
became king
wrote extensively of him
was going to come into conflict with the Greeks
a very great size difference
Greece
508 BC: just established a democracy under
King [clee-OH-men-eez] of Sparta had been forced to withdraw
506 BC: wanted to reassert his influence in
others had designs of moving into Athens as well
Boeotia [bee-OH-shah] centered around
Euboea [yoo-BEE-ah] (island) centered around
they had heard of political turmoil going on there
internal dissension made Spartans turn back
Athenians created armies which drove back the Boeotians and others
young democracy proved itself
Athens made deal to get help from Persian Satrap [SAY-trap]
gave Persians earth and water
cultural misunderstanding
Persia took this as a sign that the Greeks were giving themselves over as subjects
cities had been brought under Persian control
had to start to pay
Persians had installed their own governments there
499 BC Ionian revolts
Aristagorus
tyrant of the city of
a key player during the early years of the Ionian revolt against the Persian Empire [ah-KEE-men-eed]
goes to Sparta and asks to help
they say to no
goes to Athens
they agree to help
because was in Persia and Athens feared him returning
fleet of 20 ships
with other ships from Eretria [air-RHET-ree-ah]
burn Croesus' ancient capital of Sardis
Persians had felt that their alliance with Athens had been betrayed
King Darius was furious
Persia got prepared for war
494 BC the Ionian revolt was
city of Miletus was sacked and burned
as revenge for the destruction of Sardis
but Darius also wanted to punish the Athenians directly
Athenians and Spartans kill the Persian who come to ask for earth and water as a way to show loyalty
against protocol
ambassadors usually are protected in order to enable negotiations
491 BC Persians invade
490 BC make it to the mainland
first target is Eretria [ah-REE-tree-ah]
they it
just off the coast of
reaction in Athens was of stunned
Hippias was among the Persian forces
Herodotus tells story about Hippias
has a dream that he made love to his
believes this means he will rule in Athens
the Oedipal dream can be understood as significant because Marathon had been chosen by Hippias' father, , for a landing which opened the way for a victorious march on Athens and the establishment of tyranny
Herodotos intended to give a explanation of why Hippias, who obviously knew the terrain to perfection, made a bad choice in advising the Persians
Hippias wanted to do as well as his father, but his wish took the character of an Oedipal wish to the father and possess the mother, with subsequent guilt and self-defeat
Herodotus puts worth on in his Histories in this way
490 BC: Battle of Marathon
Athenians mount a Hoplite defense
go out from the city to meet Persian
Miltiedes (550 – 489 BCE) [mil-TIGH-i-deez]
member of a great, old family
put his best not on the front line
but on side where they can attack the Persian flanks
casualties
Greeks: 192
Persians: over Persians
this was a win against all for the Greeks
sent as messenger back to Athens
reasons Greeks won
1. Hoplite armor was better
Persian armor tended to be a linen
a shield made out of wicker
shown in art on pottery
depictions of Greeks vs. Persians
showing hoplite tactics
2. Greeks fought in tighter positions
3. Greeks were also fighting for the liberty of their homeland
a fight for freedom against despotism
Marathon was an ideological battle
John Stuart Mill
"As an event in English history, the Battle of Marathon is more important than the Battle of Hastings."
has an unusual status in world battles
but at Marathon, the Persians had been beat and were
the Persian wars were by no means
Vocabulary:
People:
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######################### (550-489 BC) [ ]Known for his role in the Battle of Marathon, as well as for his tragic downfall afterwards
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Spelling Corrections:
decension ⇒ dissension