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Notes on video lecture:
Theory of Mind
Notes taken by Edward Tanguay on October 25, 2015 (go to class or lectures)
Choose from these words to fill the blanks below:
second, knows, smarties, crayons, perceiving, consciousness, animal, species, different, sorrow, candles, facial, acknowledge, hard, door, knock, overwhelms, egocentric, funny, chimp, thinking, social, helping, predict, modelling, them, thoughtful, ability
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theory of mind
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our ability to perceive what others seem to be                     
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put ourselves in someone else's place and have a sense of what they are feeling
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critical for              behavior
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pro-social
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the extent that we can understand each other and behave in accordance with that understanding
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orders of                           
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first-order consciousness
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person #1 has a sense of what he is                 
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            -order consciousness
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person #1 has a sense of what person #2 is thinking
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helps us to better                what people may do
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third-order consciousness
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person #1 has sense of what person #2 is thinking about person #1
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I can model you                    me
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when we are trying to surprise someone
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e.g. valentines day: break the mold of how you usually act, e.g. do something especially                     
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False Belief Test
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ask a three year old child what is in a box of               
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child typically says crayons
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they show the child that there are                in the box
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ask them again what is in the crayon box
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they typically say candles
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then they bring out a Snoopy doll from under the table and say that he has not heard anything that we been saying, what do you think Snoopy thinks is in the box
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they will typically say candles
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they seem to think whatever they know, everybody around them           
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have a difficulty with the concept that what I know may be very                    than what other people know
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between ages of three and five
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the develop the ability to model the minds of others
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begin to realize that their                      view of the world is not shared by everybody else
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theory of mind
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basis of people                people
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children comfort another child because they can feel their             
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just as she would want someone to help her just as if she were in that state
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they don't have to help people but they do it anyway
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we cannot help but share in the feelings of others
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a            at the door
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someone says there is a wild              attacking, open the door and let me in
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you know that if you open the          that the attacking animal could get in as well
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yet it is very          to leave the person out there
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you feel their fear
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the only way for you to feel peace is for          to feel peace
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in this way, the theory of mind, being able to understand how others are feeling, hold us together as a                and helps us survive
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goes against some of our other anti-social tendencies
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studies with animals
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it can be argued that some animals have a rudimentary theory of mind
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a            and experimenters
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one of the experimenters likes Smarties
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experimenter goes out of room
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another experimenter moves                 
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chimp sees this
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first experimenter comes back and goes to look for smarties
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chimp knows this
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chimp thinks this is            because he knows that she knows that the Smarties will be gone
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it is hotly debated if animals have theory of mind
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but most researchers                        that many animals can understand the minds of others
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children with autism and aspergers
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we use language but also many              expressions and signs which we use to communicate
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this                      people with autism
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they have trouble processing social stimuli
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they don't gain the                well to model someone else's mind

Ideas and Concepts:

Age three and the development of second-order consciousness, via tonight's Human Psychology class: "One of the most important milestones in mind development is gaining the ability to recognize that others can have beliefs about the world that are diverging from your own belief. To do this, one must understand how knowledge of the world is formed, that people's beliefs are based on their knowledge, that beliefs can differ from reality, and that people’s behavior can be predicted based on these beliefs. A test called a False Belief Test can demonstrate quite predictably that the human mind develops the ability to understand that others have different beliefs somewhere between the ages of three and five. In one version of this test, a three year old child is shown a box of crayons and asked what he thinks is inside the box. The child will typically say crayons. Then the box is opened and the child is shown that there are actually candles in the box. The child is asked again what is in the box, and the child will, of course, say candles. Then a Snoopy doll is brought out, and the child is told that the Snoopy doll has not heard anything and that he has never seen the box or what is in the box. The child is asked what he thinks the Snoopy doll thinks is in the box, and the three year old child will typically say candles. This is because children up to the age of three generally have not yet developed the ability to understand that other people understand the world any differently than they do. It is between the ages of three and five that children develop the ability to mentally model the minds of others."
1600-1850: Psychology Emerges
Psychology Before Freud
Sigmund Freud: The Fork in the Road
Branches of 20th Century Psychology
Observational Research and the Rosenhan Experiment
Knowledge Association
Theory of Mind