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Notes on video lecture:
The Supreme Court and the Free Exercise of Religion Clause
Notes taken by Edward Tanguay on March 29, 2015 (go to class or lectures)
Choose from these words to fill the blanks below:
alcohol, unusual, surprising, whole, religion, cactus, exemption, burden, Oregon, assert, 1990, majority, struck, alcoholic, motivation, communion, mixture, federal, prohibits, states, secular, prevent, congress, refuse, supported, complex, minority, follow, RFRA, constitutional, overrule, stake, targeting, wine, generations, actor, rituals
suppose a city decides to make a laws prohibiting the consumption of
would this be ?
suppose Christians want to celebrate communion or Jews who want to observe Passover with
under this law they could not
the free exercise clause
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of , or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.
you have free exercise rights against every government , who this law apply against:
the Constitution says
however, the Supreme Court has ruled that it applies to the federal government
because of the 14th Amendment, it applies to the as well
what does it mean to prohibit free exercise
distinction between law that:
1. targets free exercise, which something because it is religious exercise
e.g. nobody can practice or passover
2. law that prohibits something for some other reason
e.g. no one may consume beverages
this will people from being able to celebrate communion or passover
would
protections
law against religious
protects you only from laws explicitly prohibiting religious practices
law which gives you an in order to practice a religious freedom
"preferred freedom" view
Supreme Court supported the preferred freedom view until the Employment Division v. Smith case
banned peyote use
Native Americans wanted to use it in religious
peyote is a which is a psychedelic drug which produces hallucinations
certain American Native tribes have been using it for
Oregon ruled that regardless of this, it could not be used
Supreme Court this view
ruled that free exercise was just a law against laws which targeted religion
it's hard to figure out who is right here
it is easier to figure out what is at
1. religions will suffer more
"preferred freedom" gives more protect to minority religions, or religions that engage in rituals
the Smith case was about peyote
wine, on the other hand, is used by many people in general and by religions
2. people will lose the ability to say that religion is the supreme authority in their lives
most will end up following federal law or state law if it conflicts with the laws of their religion
what is at stake is where we draw the line between and religious authority
to what extent do we say that people who live in our society must our laws, even if their religion says otherwise
in the Smith case, the Supreme Court ruled that neutral laws must be followed
religious doesn't entitle people to exemptions
yet congress disliked the Smith decision so much that they set out to it
enacted law: "Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993" ( )
"Governments should not substantially religious exercise without compelling justification..."
tried to reinstate the decisions before Smith
Supreme Court this down
this was not too
what is surprising is that RFRA still exists with respect to law
now we have a of both approaches:
state laws, if they are neutral, must be followed
as far as federal laws are concerned, religious exercise is a preferred freedom
there are many other issues regarding the protection of religious beliefs
can employers to provide health insurance which provides medical procedures they object to on religious grounds?
can for-profit corporations religious free-exercise rights?
Spelling Corrections:
psychodelic ⇒ psychedelic