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Notes on video lecture:
Philosophical Benchmarks in Science
Notes taken by Edward Tanguay on August 8, 2014 (go to class or lectures)
Choose from these words to fill the blanks below:
predictions, dialogue, natural, testable, hierarchical, mountains, Dutch, Method, critical, further, claims, compare, discuss, scientific, accuracy, reproducibility, questioning, fossils, paleontologist, fit, biology, humans, prevailed, startling, anomaly, rejection, shunned
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what does science provide us?
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Socrates (470BC-399BC)
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one of the great heroes of                      endeavor
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society was                         
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Socrates employed                  free thought to this hierarchical society and its ideas
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use reason and               
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dialectical method
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learning through disciplined, rigorous, and thoughtful                  and logically defending one's ideas during intensive                       
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the step forward for                  in understanding the natural world
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Aristotle (384BC-322BC)
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did a lot of hiking in the                    throughout Greece
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found marine                high in mountains
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philosophized about their origin
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in this sense he was an early                             , someone who studies life through geologic time based on the principle of geology and               
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assumptions and evidence were important to him: what are your theories assuming and what evidence do you have to support your             ?
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what kind of                        are you making and how are they                 ?
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analogy identifies               
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analogy: we as humans have an experiential base which we bring to anything we are a part of
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if we see something new, the first thing we do is                it to something else we have experienced before
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anomaly: those areas where our analogy does not        completely to the phenomena being observed
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it is exactly these things that become interesting, concerning, or                    about what is being observed, and something that should be identified as a topic of                investigation
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René Descartes (1596-1650)
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French philosopher and mathematician who spent most of his life in the            Republic
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1637 book: Discourse on the              of Rightly Conducting One's Reason and of Seeking Truth in the Sciences
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carefully and accurately using critical reasoning and our senses, we can acquire knowledge about the                world and build a foundation to acquire more knowledge
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Thomas Kuhn (1922-1996)
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1962 book: The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
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one of the natures of science is that it is done by              within society
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some of the most important developments in science have been accompanied by pain, struggle, and                   
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those scientific discoveries that have been                by society which were also based in                                and testable predictions, have generally                   
Reductionism vs. Holism
Philosophical Benchmarks in Science
Scientific Inquiry
Order of Magnitude in the Sciences