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Notes on video lecture:
Musical Terms and Notation
Notes taken by Edward Tanguay on March 26, 2016 (go to class or lectures)
Choose from these words to fill the blanks below:
metronomes, bar, measure, composers, duration, rhythmic, 1000, volume, Stravinsky, tenuto, staff, naturals, pianissimo, ephemeral, French, ukulele, quarter, minor, minute
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notation has developed dramatically in the past years
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half note = 72 Rhythmico
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number refers to beats per
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i.e. 72 half notes per minute or 114 quarter notes per minute, which is pretty fast
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the tempo is very important and can be found on all standard in use since Beethoven's time
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clef sitting on the
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e.g. treble clef used for violin music or anything else that is higher in pitch such as the
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flute
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trumpet
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soprano voice
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clef is from and means key
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the clef is the key to reading the notes that are on the staff
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key signature
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sharps, flats and are called accidentals
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they alter written pitches higher and lower
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e.g. two sharps
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means either D major or b
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meter
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3/2 on the staff tells us that there are three half notes on this , which we call the meter
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the meter remains until it is changed
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the top number indicates the number of beats per
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bottom number indicates the value
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a 2 means a half note
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if it were a 4 on the bottom, the beat would be felt in notes
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if it were an 8 on the bottom, the beat would be felt in 8th notes
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a great deal of music is in 4/4 or 3/4
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the meter is just a way that group rhythms together into bars
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some pieces change meters quite a bit
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check out 's Rite of Spring if you want to see some remarkable meter changes
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dynamics
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letters that control
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p = piano, or soft
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f = forte, or loud
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pp = , or very soft
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mf = mezzo forte, or moderately loud
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Giovanni Gabrieli (1557–1612)
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credited as the first to use dynamics in his music
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articulations
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marks that affect duration and the way the note is sounded
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solid line
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means , Italian for "to hold, to emphasize"
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hold a note for its full duration, or to emphasize the note
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small dot
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staccato
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play the note short and not for its full
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play the note lightly
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there is room for interpretation
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how loud is loud
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how short is short
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there are also aspects of music that can't be notated
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a wonderful aspect about the performance of music
Ideas and Concepts:
Via this morning's Western Music History class:
"In music theory, the circle of fifths is a geometrical representation of the relationships among the 12 tones of the chromatic scale (each tone a semitone above or below another), their corresponding key signatures, and the associated major and minor keys. In musical pieces from Baroque, Classical and Western popular music, when pieces or songs modulate to a new key, these modulations are often associated with the circle of fifths.
The concept of the circle of fifths was first proposed in the late 1670s in a treatise called Grammatika written by Nikolai Diletskii, composer and theorist of Ukrainian nationality, active in Russia. Diletskii's Grammatika is a treatise on composition, the first of its kind, which targeted Western-style polyphonic compositions. It taught how to write kontserty, polyphonic a cappella, which were normally based on liturgical texts and were created by putting together musical sections that have contrasting rhythm, meters, melodic material and vocal groupings. Diletskii intended his treatise to be a guide to composition yet pertaining to the rules of music theory. Within the Grammatika the circle of fifths was used for students as a composer's tool."
"In music theory, the circle of fifths is a geometrical representation of the relationships among the 12 tones of the chromatic scale (each tone a semitone above or below another), their corresponding key signatures, and the associated major and minor keys. In musical pieces from Baroque, Classical and Western popular music, when pieces or songs modulate to a new key, these modulations are often associated with the circle of fifths.
The concept of the circle of fifths was first proposed in the late 1670s in a treatise called Grammatika written by Nikolai Diletskii, composer and theorist of Ukrainian nationality, active in Russia. Diletskii's Grammatika is a treatise on composition, the first of its kind, which targeted Western-style polyphonic compositions. It taught how to write kontserty, polyphonic a cappella, which were normally based on liturgical texts and were created by putting together musical sections that have contrasting rhythm, meters, melodic material and vocal groupings. Diletskii intended his treatise to be a guide to composition yet pertaining to the rules of music theory. Within the Grammatika the circle of fifths was used for students as a composer's tool."
Via this morning's Western Music History class: "If you want to see some remarkable meter changes, check out Stravinsky's Rite of Spring."
Via tonight's Western Music History class: "The ukulele is an instrument of peace because if everyone played the ukulele, this world would be a much happier place, and as proof, we give you Queen's Bohemian Rhapsody on the ukulele."
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