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Notes on video lecture:
1980s: The United States, Iran and Iraq
Notes taken by Edward Tanguay on February 25, 2016 (go to class or lectures)
Choose from these words to fill the blanks below:
lean, intelligence, Truman, terrorism, eight, defensive, Persian, Arab, revolution, 444, 1979, weapons, computers, credit, Pahlavi, Shia, Schultz, military, severed, 1941, Staunch, 479, Sunni, Defense, Carter, Baathists, 1953, Monroe, 1823, 1947, avoid, France
September 1980
Iraq invaded Iran
Saddam believed that the Iranian had weakened Iran militarily
1979 Iranian Revolution
the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty
the ruling house of Iran from 1925 until 1979
Mohammad Reza
the Shah of Iran
ruled from -1979
wanted to seize territory
a short, victorious war would put Iraq in dominance in the region
not majority Iran
but governed Iraq
not Persian religious zealots
but secular oriented Arab
Ba'athism
means "renaissance"/"resurrection"
an Arab nationalist ideology that promotes the development and creation of a unified state through the leadership of a vanguard party over a progressive revolutionary government
no one ever took Saddam Hussein for being a genius
he miscalculated
got into more than his army could handle
Iran-Iraq war lasted years
January 20, 1981
Ronald Reagan's inauguration
Iran released Americans who had been held captive for days
enabled them to focus on the Iraqi threat
both countries needed to acquire weapons
Iraq had suppliers in the Soviet Union and
Iran need to repair its relations with the West
releasing the hostages was one way of doing that
Iraq-Iran war
U.S. official stance was to taking sides
U.S. voted in favor of UN Security Council Resolution
passed days after the Iraqi invasion
Iran succeed by 1982 in turning the tables
Iraq now on the
U.S. did not want Iran to become the dominant power in the Gulf
Secretary of State George
an Iran victory would intimidate and inundate US allies in the region
U.S. abandoned neutral posture to rescue Saddam Hussein
Iraq had its relations with the U.S. in 1967 in the wake of the Six-Day War
Reagan sent Donald Rumsfeld
a once and future Secretary of
goal was to get Iraq to toward the United States
Reagan made the United States a party to the Iran-Iraq War on the side of Saddam Hussein
resumed relations
removed Iraq from the list of state sponsors of
started providing Hussein with about Iranian troop movements
U.S. helped Iraq get from France and other Western nations
Operation
aimed to prevent Iran from acquiring new weapons
U.S. approved Iraqi purchases of made-in-USA , transport planes, helicopters and navigation aids
allowed Iraq to buy on
Saddam Hussein was using chemical weapons on Iran and his own people
The Doctrine
January 23, 1980
the United States would use military force if necessary to defend its national interests in the Gulf
a response to the Soviet Union's intervention of Afghanistan in
modeled on the wording on the Doctrine
, pledged to contain Soviet threats to Greece and Turkey
, Doctrine, further efforts by European nations to colonize land or interfere with states in North or South America would be viewed as acts of aggression, requiring U.S. intervention
yet the United States was aiding a power that was also seeking preeminence in the Persian Gulf
Iran remembered the coup in Iran backed by the United States