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Notes on video lecture:
Pre-Einstein Physics up to 1905
Notes taken by Edward Tanguay on March 24, 2015 (go to class or lectures)
Choose from these words to fill the blanks below:
inorganic, radiation, reality, nothing, physics, bar, sustained, signalling, Munich, factory, times, 1840, breeze, compass, Edison, Young, shocks, theoretical, straight, rethink, gravity, railroads, experimental, Atlantic, current, wave, philosophers, light, Maxwell, 100, special, frog, Morley, obituaries, rationality, radio, electron, switches, Volta, real, Hertz, ether
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1800 is good place to start talking about               
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but the term "physicist" was not coined until about         
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before that people who worked in physics might be called natural                         
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1800 there was a split based on what "natural philosophers" worked on
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organic matter
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                   matter
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the branch that became physics focused on inorganic matter
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1800: battery
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came out of experiments done on animal electricity
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e.g. how we can stimulate nerves in          legs
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Alessandro            made an inorganic version of this
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significance was that you could get a                    electric current
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before that you could get sporadic electric             
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you could store limited amounts of electrical current but no sustained electrical current
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this opened up many kinds of new inventions over the next        years
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1800:          theory of light
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before this, Isaac Newton had the theory of               
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became the greatest mind of the time
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so scientist followed his lead on his concept of light as well, light being particles, or                  rays
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around 1800, Thomas            revived the theory of light as waves
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1820s: electromagnetism
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shown that if you have a sustained current through a wire and you brought a                needle next to it, it would change directions
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clearly a connection between electricity and magnetism
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1830s
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                   because to carry passengers, connecting cities
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electromagnetic induction
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mentioned on the first page of Einstein's paper on the                theory of relativity
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loop of wire,        magnet closer to loop, you generate an electric current, as you move the bar magnet back and forth
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1830s
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telegraph
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if you have a wire and can send                down it, then you can make a communication device
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1860s
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              's equations
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synthesized and explained the work that people had been doing with electricity in the past half century
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allowed the prediction of electromagnetic waves traveling through space
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the classical theory of electromagnetic                   
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traveled at a speed close to the known speed of light
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the natural conclusion was that light was an electromagnetic wave
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telegraph still expanding
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under                  Ocean
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expansion of the railroads
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in U.S., transcontinental railroad
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telegraph and railroad went together
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because you need a good                      system for the trains
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synchronizing of clocks
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cities before that often had different           
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1870s-1890s
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mechanical models
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water waves travel through something, disturbances through water
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this analogy applied to light assumes that there must be some median that light waves travel through, referred to as "          "
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the French thought the British were going off in the wrong direction
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derided their mechanical models, reminded them of the                system
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the French physicists prided themselves on clarity and                        of thought
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interesting to reading                      of these scientists
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British: creativity
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French: rationality and clarity of thought
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physics division of labor
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today:
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                       physicist
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experimental physicist
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Masters Degree in Engineering from MIT
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19th century
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                         physicists were at the top
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theoretical physicists really didn't exist
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German universities you typically only had one physics professor
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they were typically experimental physicist who ran the show
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perhaps an assistant
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this was the type of world Einstein was born into
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by the time he was a physicist things started to change
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1879: Einstein born
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1880s
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Incandescent lighting
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            's great innovation was the whole system of electric lighting
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the wires
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the                 
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the power
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Einstein's father and uncle were entrepreneurs in             
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specialized in incandescent lighting
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won contract to supply lighting for Oktoberfest
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discovery of electromagnetic waver
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Heinrich           
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conclusively proved the existence of electromagnetic waves theorized by James Clerk Maxwell's electromagnetic theory of light
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Hertz, became a term for units of cycles per second
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died in his mid-30s
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           started almost immediately after this
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1880s
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Michelson-             experiment
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if light waves are going to be traveling through the ether
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as the Earth moves around the Sun
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at the surface of the Earth, we should have an "ether             " in our face
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therefore if you shine a light in that direction and in the opposite direct
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they found               
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there was not "ether breeze" effect
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made people                their theories
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1890s
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the electromagnetic worldview
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attempt to "get to the really         " and explain almost everything in terms of electromagnetism
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looking at electromagnetism as the basis of physical               
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the                  was discovered in the 1890s
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1896-1900
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Einstein in college
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nature of           
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time and space
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came at this from a different direction
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1900-1905
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career up to delivery of his most influential papers

People:

######################### (1773-1829)
An English polymath who established the wave theory of light, overcoming the century-old view, expressed in the Isaac Newton's "Optics", that light is a particle
  • "The experiments I am about to relate may be repeated with great ease, whenever the sun shines, and without any other apparatus than is at hand to every one."
  • made notable scientific contributions to the fields of vision, light, solid mechanics, energy, physiology, language, musical harmony, and Egyptology
  • he made a number of original and insightful innovations on the decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs (specifically the Rosetta Stone) before Jean-François Champollion eventually expanded on his work
  • he was the eldest of ten children in a Quaker family
  • by the age of fourteen Young had learned Greek and Latin and was acquainted with French, Italian, Hebrew, German, Aramaic, Syriac, Samaritan, Arabic, Persian, Turkish and Amharic

Spelling Corrections:

phycisist ⇒ physicist
assistent ⇒ assistant
Pre-Einstein Physics up to 1905
Einstein's Life Up To 1905
The Annus Mirabilis Papers of 1905
Dirac, Einstein, and Mathematical Beauty
Events, Clocks, and Observers