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Notes on video lecture:
1945: Hour Zero
Notes taken by Edward Tanguay on April 27, 2014 (go to class or lectures)
Choose from these words to fill the blanks below:
destroyed, devastation, civilization, Burma, wreckage, Italy, enslaved, government, everyone, territories, prescient, Europe, overthrow, Vienna, Yalta, Poland, communist, modern, unstable, World, Stunde, alike, administrators, Crow, debased, disable, technocratic, factories, capitalism, obedient, 50, school, Trotskyite, liquidate, Germany, Missouri
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Zero Hour, or "             Null"
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"everything is                    and we are starting over from scratch"
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total war
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means if your military situation is                 , you might not just lose the war, you might lose everything, e.g. be                  or murdered
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nations in arms
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mobilizing men, women and children
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everyone in the war effort, everyone working in, for, or around the government
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the war was affecting                 
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rationing
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the year of 1944
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the bloodiest year of fighting
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fighting fanatically from strong, fortified positions of defense
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battle lines
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Europe 1944
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Eastern front: took a year to move into             
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Italian front: took a year to move up into Northern           
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French front: took a year to move across the channel and to border of               
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after Italy had gone out of war, took six months to                    the German empire
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Pacific
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Americans and Allies turned tide and started moving toward Japan
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maintained supplies to the Chinese
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fighting in           
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the world of 1945
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severe                       
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Germany carved up into Allied zones of occupation
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             was also divided into zones of occupation
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Japan
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quit the war before their country was invaded and fought over from one end to the other as Germany was
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but American bombing raids destroyed over     % of many cities
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air raid on Tokyo in March 1945 killed about 100,000 people
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atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
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in the case of fire raids and the atomic bombs, the Allies were desperate to use any means they had to stop the war and saw cities as military targets
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both sides were becoming                in their attitude toward human life
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the Allies knew they were doing horrifying things to win the war
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bombing cities in order to end the war does not equate to constructing death                    to carry out the genocides of a whole people whom they hoped to enslave and then exterminate
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it was clear that this war was pushing human                          to the brink, where people are creating destructive powers that are beyond human reason and human spirituality, and then the war ended
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the end of the war
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Germany
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no German                      to take a surrender, the American regarded the German government "as nothing, as                 "
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they took a surrender from German generals in the field in a simple little ceremony in a French              house
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Japan
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Allies allowed a Japanese government to remain
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allowed Japanese emperor to remain in power
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formal surrender ceremony on Battleship                 , September 1945
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visions of modern society looking forward after the war
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era of high modernism: government planning as its height
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high liberalism
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the war was thought of rescuing the world from tyranny and liberals had always thought of themselves as tyrants
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the ideals that Americans had stood for in the war made it harder to maintain the regime of Jim          in the American South
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discover society
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society of an object that would be the focal point of engineering
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society as something I manipulate through the choices of big thinking planners
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economic management: the demands of having to manage large                        all over the world, and manage whole economies
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urban management: mayors planning and managing large-scale cities
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war management
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access to raw materials
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allocation of production facilities
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use of man-power
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modernism
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by the end of the 1940s there was a sense that you "wanted to be             "
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a level of cultural conformity
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"if you're not modern yet, we want to make you modern"
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top-down organizers of cities and societies
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lessons from the war
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who were the models of success who showed people and countries the way of the future?
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1. United States
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James Burnham, "Managerial Revolution"
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American, Princeton graduate
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was an early                    in the 1930s but became disillusioned with the Stalinist communist party
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late 30s became                     
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eventually became an American right wing conservative, eventually earned accolades by Ronald Reagan
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1940s book "Managerial Revolution"
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Soviet Union, United States, is all becoming pretty much alike, its a matter of big organizations run by                          managers who are going to arrange everything in society
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the rule of the                             , on a gigantic scale
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George Orwell, "1984"
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he is reacting to Burnham
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a world dominated by endlessly warring governments, very much           , dominated by powerful bureaucrats
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F.A. Hayek, "The Road to Serfdom", 1944
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visions like those of James Burnham are extremely                   , and that people need to fight it.
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a European liberal, deeply liberal from the old school, almost a revival of Adam Smith or John Stuart Mill
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asked the question: who will buy the goods?
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concerns
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no renewal of the war
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also no renewal of the Great Depression
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strategies
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maintain wartime alliance
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               Germany and Japan
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international cooperation, new institutions
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           Bank
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United Nations
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building a functioning world economy
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much more concerned about this than the Soviets
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concerned with world trade collapsing as it did in 1929
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how to end empires and trusteeships, part of the old world that needs to be swept away
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open up the world for opportunities for American business
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in the 1930s, the British put up a trade wall around the British Empire and so some of the post-war push for an open global economy was a conflict not only with the Soviets, but with the British, and partly with the French
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2. Soviet Union
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Stalin's meeting with the Allies
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February 1945 meet in            on Black Sea
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July 1945 in Potsdam
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Truman just became president in April
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Stalin's concerns
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the future of the Soviet Union was bound up with the future of communism and the world revolutionary agenda
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the better communism did, the weaker                      became, the more secure the Soviet Union would be
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strategies
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territorial expansion
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protective barrier
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disable Germany and Japan
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maintain wartime alliance as long as possible
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maintain a global network of                  communist parties
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likely points of friction in 1945
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annexations
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Soviets taking chunks out of the expanded German Reich
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moving the whole country of Poland about 150 miles to the west
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British and France had gone to war in 1939 to fight for the security of             
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Poland's important to Americans as well
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joint duties in Germany
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running up against each other, having to work together, even though your systems are different
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in non-communist countries which have communist groups who are trying to                    the country
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France and Italy, where these are domestic classes about the future of their country
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issues of trade and exchange
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decolonization

Vocabulary:

rankle, v. to cause irritation or deep bitterness ⇒ "The Soviets took chunks out of the expanded German Reich and moved the whole country of Poland about 150 miles to the west, which rankled the British and French who had gone to war in 1939 to fight for the security of Poland."
prescient, adj. [PRESS-ee-ahnt] having knowledge of coming events;, foreseeing, conscious beforehand ⇒ "F.A. Hayek's message in the book 'The Road to Serfdom' suggested that visions like those of James Burnham are extremely prescient, and that people need to fight it."

Spelling Corrections:

desparate ⇒ desperate
liberaly ⇒ liberally
obediant ⇒ obedient
1914: Schizophrenic Germany
1914: The Balkan Whirlpool
1914: From Balkan Crisis to War
1914-1916: All War Plans Fail Horribly
The 1916 Missed Opportunity for Peace
WWI Pushes Warring Countries Toward Total States
Why the Allies Won World War One
Post-WWI: Filling the Void of Collapsed Empires
Post-WWI Communism vs. Anti-Communism
Post World War I: The Age of Uncertainty
1910s/1920s: Modern Women
The World of 1930
The 1930s World Crisis
1930s: The Decade of Contingency
America's Entry into World War II
WWII: Strategies for Total War
1945: Hour Zero
Post WWII: Imagining New Countries
Conflicts in Postwar Nation Building
The Two Europes That Emerged After WWII
1947 China: Undesirable Communists vs. Flawed Nationalists
Post WWII: The Age of America
Reasons for the Korean War
How WWIII was Avoided in the Korean War
1950-1952: The Cold War Comes to Main Street
1950-1954: The H-Bomb and the Nuclear Revolution
1950s: Loosening Empires and Building Confederations
The Emergence of the Third World
1958-1962: The World at the Brink
Third World Proxy Wars of the 1950s and 1960s
Managerial States and the Transnational Disruption of 1968
1970s Obstacles to Reducing Cold War Tensions
1970s Democratic Socialism Becomes a Non-Choice
1980s Political Polarization
1980s: Global Capitalism Transformed