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Notes on video lecture:
The Ottoman Empire's Changing Balance of Power with Europe
Notes taken by Edward Tanguay on October 2, 2015 (go to class or lectures)
Choose from these words to fill the blanks below:
ship, Jews, heartland, medicine, Egypt, superior, 50%, equal, 27, Western, subjects, Selim, nationalism, 800%, lake, Europe, economic, Dardanelles, cosmic, world, Lebanon, ideas, reversal, legitimacy, German, three, modernizing, Greeks, London, Crimea, vanguard, Catholics, shock, last, protector
dramatic change with the balance of power with
up until the middle of the 18th century, the Ottomans could feel to be on an footing with Europe
and before this period even to Europe
in the quarter of the 18th century, a dramatic change began to took place
the gab in science, technology, military and power was shifting in favor of the Europeans
important advances in lead to population growth in Europe
more building and economic expansion
powerful navies and armies
Russian Ottoman War 1768-1174
critical turning point
Russians won war and took over the area of the
brought the Russians to the banks of the Black Sea
it was no longer an enclosed Ottoman
brought the Russians closer to the Bosporus and straits that lead to the Mediterranean
this not only meant the loss of control of the Black Sea but the first loss of control of Muslim
a great historical
it was of importance in terms of for the Ottoman Empire to be the ruler of Muslims and not to have Muslims taken over by Christian powers
the Ottoman Empire saw itself as the of Muslims and Islam
the 19th century was the century of European empires
Europe seemed to be ruling the
this led many people in the Ottoman Empire to realize that something had gone wrong in the order of things
the belief in the historic supremacy of Islam over Christianity
it was in need of an update
III (reigned 1789-1807)
began first serious efforts at the Ottoman armies
before the Napoleonic invasion of
the fact that reforms began in the military is significant
meant that the the military was the of Western modernizing reform
because they were modernized, they often became the leaders of revolutionary change in later decades
led to revolutionary change in other spheres
required the learning of foreign languages: French, English,
led to the influx of foreign
created a cultural
realized that Islam was not superior in the world
new ideas
equality for before the law
individual rights
gave rise to new forms of identity and organization of the political community
1798: Napoleon's invasion of Egypt
most dramatic invasion into the Ottoman Empire
the French stayed for years until they were forced out by the British and the Ottomans
the first intrusion into the very of the Ottoman Empire
not only an intrusion by an exposure to the greatness of European power at that time
not just military power
but scientific missions
brought to the Middle East scientific advancement and progress
1800-1850
population of Europe increased by
Britain's population grew from 16 million to million
became the largest city on earth, with a population of 2.5 million people
between 1815-185-, Britain's increases of exports to the Eastern Mediterranean increased by
Europe's need for raw materials meant olive oil from Tunisia, silk from , and cotton from Egypt
the Russians and the French interfered regularly in the affairs of the Christians of the Ottoman Empire
the Russians supporting the Orthodox Christians, the Serbs and the
the French protecting the
at a later stage Britain tried to play this minority game by supporting the and the Zionist idea in Palestine
in the Ottoman empire, it was the Christians who were the first to be affected by ideas
they had a greater openness to the Christian West