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Notes on video lecture:
Nuclear Synthesis: The Origins of Elements in Our Solar System
Notes taken by Edward Tanguay on November 22, 2014 (go to class or lectures)
Choose from these words to fill the blanks below:
composition, nucleus, vary, synthesis, binding, uranium, mass, all, volatile, atomic, isotopes, neutrons, 1967, noble, barrier, combine, helium, standard, occur, chondrites, Stellar, Helium, Lithium
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nuclear                    models come from three separate lines of evidence
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1. composition of our solar system
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the elemental abundances we have in the solar system
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the most important of the three type of evidence
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the              structure of atoms
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nucleus
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protons
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electrons
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an element's character is defined by the number of protons in the               
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the number of protons is matched by the number of electrons
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neutrons add          but do not determine properties
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can vary and gives us a number of set                 
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Beryllium example
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four protons, are set in number
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five neutrons, can          in number
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periodic table
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gives no indication of how often they            in the universe
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hydrogen and              make up about 99% of the elements that occur in the universe
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least abundant is               
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the nucleus synthetic models have to explain this relative abundance
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how do we know this abundance
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1. meteorites
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the most primitive meteorite
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used to represent the bulk                        of the Solar System
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not so representative for            gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radioactive radon) and some                  elements
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how were the elements formed
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Big-Bang nucleosynthesis
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         Nobel Prize in physics
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               nucleosynthesis
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became the                  model which we use today
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1983 Nobel Prize in physics
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3 categories of nucleic production
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1. Big Bang products: Hydrogen, Helium, minor               , Boron, and Beryllium
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all formed in the Big Bang
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created in the instant that the universe formed
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in the first instant you would only have protons and neutrons which begin to               
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mainly hydrogen and helium
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but the Big Bang theory suggested that        the elements were form this way
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it turns out that there is a fundamental                that exists at lithium and Baryllium
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e.g. as you add another proton to Lithium, you come down to              again, which is where Stellar explanation accounts for the elements heavier than lithium
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2. Stellar fusion products
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Lithium, Iron, Cobal, Nickel
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everything up to iron-56 combines in fusion reactions
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fusion cannot continue beyond iron-56 because you get lower                forces after that
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3. products of P, S, and R-nucleosynthesis related to stars and supernovae
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2. experiments on nuclear reactions under set conditions in the laboratory
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3. theoretical constraints on possible sites or environments for nuclear synthetic reactions which are imagined within the laboratory
Examining the Agpalilik Meteorite
Nuclear Synthesis: The Origins of Elements in Our Solar System
The Origin of Solar Systems