EDWARD'S LECTURE NOTES:
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C O U R S E
The Fall and Rise of Jerusalem
Oded Lipschits, Ph.D., Tel Aviv University
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C O U R S E L E C T U R E Outcome of the Assyrian Conquest Notes taken on March 1, 2016 by Edward Tanguay |
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the outcome of the Assyrian conquest of the Levant
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second half of the 8th century BCE
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first half of the 7th century BCE
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the essential background of the understanding of the history of Judah when it was conquered by the Babylonians
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Tiglath-Pileser III (ruled 745-727 BCE)
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king of Assyria
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founded the Neo-Assyrian Empire
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introduced advanced civil, military, and political systems
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set the foundations for the Assyrian administrative organization
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shaped the geopolitical situation for most of the area
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annihilation of territorial kingdoms
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abolished the national distinctions
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no independent political entity developed in the Assyrian territories in the next few centuries
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foundation of Assyrian provinces
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departed a large part of the population which he conquered
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replaced them with exiles from remote regions
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no military threat to the Egyptian, Babylonian, or Assyrian, Persian and later the Selucid empire (312-63 BCE)
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the Assyrian Empire extended its rule over all of the Levant
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Judah
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was only a small part of this area
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provinces to the north above Samerina (Israel)
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Du'ru
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Magidu
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Sargon II
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722 BCE
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completed the defeat of the Kingdom of Israel
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capturing the area after a siege of three years and exiling the inhabitants
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became the basis of the legends of the Lost Ten Tribes
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720 BCE
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annexed the rest of the territory to Assyria
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established a third area called Samaria
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consisted mainly of the Samarian Hills, the heart of the former kingdom of Isarel
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Philistia
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Ekron, Ashkelon and Gaza
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enjoyed the auspices of the Assyrian Empire due to
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strategic location, gateway to Egypt
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economic viability: maritime trade adn agricultural commodities
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Ashkelon
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an important port
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produced wine
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Ekron
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olive oil
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growth under 7th century BCE
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Gaza
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served as outlet port from Arabian trade
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Sargon II focused on this city
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remained loyal Assyrian vassal kingdom
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Transjordan
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maintained their alliance to Assyria
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frontier against nomadic tribes
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distinctive raw materials
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encouraged production
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Assyria provided protection
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important junction of Assyrian commerce
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Edom
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great prosperity
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Ammon
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extensive cultural prosperity
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Moab
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not too clear but probably enjoyed prosperity like Ammon and Moab
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Judah was a small peripheral mountain kingdom
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intense trauma in 701 BCE by the Sennacherib campaign
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weakened military strength and human resources
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although enjoyed economic prosperity within the Assyrian commercial system in the 7th century BCE
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geography
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coast
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much more important
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military and economic aspects
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Assyrians spent much more effort here
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hill country
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less important
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two kinds of political rule
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direct rule over provinces by governors and officials
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indirect rule over vassal kingdoms
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complex system of agreements and inspectors
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varied by interests of each kingdom
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rules of this era
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Tiglath-Pileser III (745-727 BCE)
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Assyrian King
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Sargon II (722-705)
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Assyrian King
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was a son of Tiglath-Pileser III and appears to have seized the throne from his brother, Shalmaneser V in a violent coup
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Sennacherib (ruled 705-681) king of Assyria
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followed Sargon II
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military campaigns against Babylon and Judah
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building programs, notably at his capital Nineveh
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Nebuchadnezzar II (634–562 BCE)
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Neo-Babylonian King
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construction of the Hanging (Gardens( of Babylon
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destruction of Jerusalem's temple in 587 BCE
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Cyrus the Great (576–530 BCE)
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founder of the Achaemenid Empire