EDWARD'S LECTURE NOTES:
More notes at http://tanguay.info/learntracker
C O U R S E
A History of the World since 1300
Jeremy Adelman, Princeton University
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C O U R S E L E C T U R E Migration after the Age of Revolutions Notes taken on March 10, 2016 by Edward Tanguay |
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Marx and de Tocqueville argued a new world was coming into being
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a new logic was at work
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logic that had capabilities of spreading beyond Europe
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beyond even the European colonies
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had the ability to resolve some of the tensions around
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political systems looking for legitimacy
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economic systems dislocating peoples
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widen the possibility for internal social mobility
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drawing the world closer together under new principles of freedom
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intensifying the collapsing of the global space
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after the Age of Revolution (1774 to 1848)
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land grab nurtured by these new principles
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railroads
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steamships
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canals
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newly independent countries and countries acquiring independence
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lands not yet used by humans yet could be harvested to economic advantage
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from the United States to Brazil and New Zealand, we see a much more systematic colonization of new lands
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1750-1900: land transformation
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1.5 and 2 billion acres of the world arable land was turned into commercially exploited farmlands
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a dramatic transformation
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the West in Canada and the United States accounted for France and Italy and other countries put together
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this windfall was fueled by global migration
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some involuntary
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10 and 12 million African slaves were moved to the New World to become a kind of farmer
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one by one Latin America and then the United States abolished slavery
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the doctrine of free labor would triumph over the doctrine of slave labor
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a different source of workers
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workers and families coming from Europe
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origin of these migrants
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Irish Potato Famine (1845-1849)
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exodus of the Irish to Argentina, the United States and Canada
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a massive reshuffling of the global population
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connecting commercially specialized areas of the globe together in synergistic economic relationships
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free flows of commodity and the free flow of ideas
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the formation of a market for labor
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we had markets for capital
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we had markets for land
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now we have markets and the commodification of labor
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people get pushed out into the world to sell their labor for a wage
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began to seek out opportunities elsewhere to seek out higher returns
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between 1871 and 1914, 36 million Europeans left
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two-thirds went to the United States
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many went to Canada, Argentina and Brazil
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associated with crises in the agrarian system
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the frontier safety valve the de Tocqueville was looking for
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but Europeans were not the only source of labor
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1870-1914
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8 million Chinese leave the mainland to Indonesia alone
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India was the single most exporter of people
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moved seasonally
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moved away and then moved back
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1870-1914: 16 million Indians left the subcontinent
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many returned
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many moving around inside the British Empire
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indeed Indians became important in pulling the British Empire together
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professionals
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merchants
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caravans
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populated new areas e.g. in the Sindh region of what is now Pakistan
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important for meeting Russian expansion into Uzbekistan and the other areas sound of Russia
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networks of merchants
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setting up shops from Cairo to Panama
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a capitalist global diaspora
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origins in the Sindh area of modern Pakistan
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this massive migration was at the expense of indigenous populations
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Manifest Destiny
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1872 painting, leading people, European migrants ever Westward
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carrying a telegraph line
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the book is a school book
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coined during the American-Mexican war of the 1840s
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creating opportunities for migrants